Comprehensive comparison for API Integration technology in Software Development applications

import requests
import os
import time
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Dict, Optional
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class AlphaVantageStockService:
    """
    Production-grade Alpha Vantage API integration for stock data retrieval.
    Implements rate limiting, error handling, and caching strategies.
    """
    
    BASE_URL = "https://www.alphavantage.co/query"
    RATE_LIMIT_DELAY = 12  # seconds between requests for free tier
    
    def __init__(self, api_key: Optional[str] = None):
        self.api_key = api_key or os.getenv("ALPHA_VANTAGE_API_KEY")
        if not self.api_key:
            raise ValueError("API key must be provided or set in ALPHA_VANTAGE_API_KEY env variable")
        self.last_request_time = 0
    
    def _rate_limit(self):
        """Enforce rate limiting to avoid API throttling."""
        elapsed = time.time() - self.last_request_time
        if elapsed < self.RATE_LIMIT_DELAY:
            sleep_time = self.RATE_LIMIT_DELAY - elapsed
            logger.info(f"Rate limiting: sleeping for {sleep_time:.2f} seconds")
            time.sleep(sleep_time)
        self.last_request_time = time.time()
    
    def get_stock_quote(self, symbol: str) -> Dict:
        """
        Retrieve real-time stock quote for a given symbol.
        
        Args:
            symbol: Stock ticker symbol (e.g., 'AAPL', 'GOOGL')
        
        Returns:
            Dictionary containing stock quote data
        
        Raises:
            requests.RequestException: For network-related errors
            ValueError: For invalid API responses
        """
        self._rate_limit()
        
        params = {
            "function": "GLOBAL_QUOTE",
            "symbol": symbol.upper(),
            "apikey": self.api_key
        }
        
        try:
            response = requests.get(self.BASE_URL, params=params, timeout=10)
            response.raise_for_status()
            data = response.json()
            
            # Handle API error responses
            if "Error Message" in data:
                raise ValueError(f"API Error: {data['Error Message']}")
            
            if "Note" in data:
                raise ValueError(f"API Rate Limit: {data['Note']}")
            
            if "Global Quote" not in data or not data["Global Quote"]:
                raise ValueError(f"No data found for symbol: {symbol}")
            
            quote = data["Global Quote"]
            
            # enhance to cleaner format
            return {
                "symbol": quote.get("01. symbol"),
                "price": float(quote.get("05. price", 0)),
                "volume": int(quote.get("06. volume", 0)),
                "latest_trading_day": quote.get("07. latest trading day"),
                "previous_close": float(quote.get("08. previous close", 0)),
                "change": float(quote.get("09. change", 0)),
                "change_percent": quote.get("10. change percent", "0%").rstrip("%"),
                "timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
            }
            
        except requests.Timeout:
            logger.error(f"Timeout while fetching quote for {symbol}")
            raise
        except requests.RequestException as e:
            logger.error(f"Network error for {symbol}: {str(e)}")
            raise
        except (KeyError, ValueError) as e:
            logger.error(f"Data parsing error for {symbol}: {str(e)}")
            raise

# Example usage in an API endpoint context
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        service = AlphaVantageStockService()
        stock_data = service.get_stock_quote("AAPL")
        logger.info(f"Successfully retrieved data: {stock_data}")
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Failed to retrieve stock data: {str(e)}")