Comprehensive comparison for DevOps technology in Software Development applications

# Azure DevOps Pipeline for .NET API with Multi-Stage Deployment
# This pipeline demonstrates CI/CD best practices for a production API

trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - develop
  paths:
    exclude:
      - docs/*
      - README.md

variables:
  - group: production-secrets
  - name: buildConfiguration
    value: 'Release'
  - name: vmImageName
    value: 'ubuntu-latest'
  - name: dotnetVersion
    value: '7.x'

stages:
  - stage: Build
    displayName: 'Build and Test'
    jobs:
      - job: BuildJob
        displayName: 'Build API'
        pool:
          vmImage: $(vmImageName)
        steps:
          - task: UseDotNet@2
            displayName: 'Install .NET SDK'
            inputs:
              version: $(dotnetVersion)
              includePreviewVersions: false

          - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
            displayName: 'Restore NuGet Packages'
            inputs:
              command: 'restore'
              projects: '**/*.csproj'
              feedsToUse: 'select'

          - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
            displayName: 'Build strategies'
            inputs:
              command: 'build'
              projects: '**/*.csproj'
              arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration) --no-restore'

          - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
            displayName: 'Run Unit Tests'
            inputs:
              command: 'test'
              projects: '**/*Tests.csproj'
              arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration) --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage" --no-build'
              publishTestResults: true

          - task: PublishCodeCoverageResults@1
            displayName: 'Publish Code Coverage'
            inputs:
              codeCoverageTool: 'Cobertura'
              summaryFileLocation: '$(Agent.TempDirectory)/**/coverage.cobertura.xml'
              failIfCoverageEmpty: true

          - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
            displayName: 'Publish API'
            inputs:
              command: 'publish'
              publishWebProjects: false
              projects: '**/ProductApi.csproj'
              arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration) --output $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/api --no-build'
              zipAfterPublish: true

          - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
            displayName: 'Publish Build Artifacts'
            inputs:
              PathtoPublish: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
              ArtifactName: 'drop'
              publishLocation: 'Container'

  - stage: DeployStaging
    displayName: 'Deploy to Staging'
    dependsOn: Build
    condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/develop'))
    jobs:
      - deployment: DeployStagingJob
        displayName: 'Deploy to Staging Environment'
        environment: 'staging'
        pool:
          vmImage: $(vmImageName)
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - task: AzureWebApp@1
                  displayName: 'Deploy to Azure App Service'
                  inputs:
                    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Staging-Connection'
                    appType: 'webAppLinux'
                    appName: 'productapi-staging'
                    package: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/api/*.zip'
                    runtimeStack: 'DOTNETCORE|7.0'

                - task: AzureCLI@2
                  displayName: 'Run Smoke Tests'
                  inputs:
                    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Staging-Connection'
                    scriptType: 'bash'
                    scriptLocation: 'inlineScript'
                    inlineScript: |
                      response=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://productapi-staging.azurewebsites.net/health)
                      if [ $response -ne 200 ]; then
                        echo "Health check failed with status $response"
                        exit 1
                      fi
                      echo "Smoke tests passed successfully"

  - stage: DeployProduction
    displayName: 'Deploy to Production'
    dependsOn: Build
    condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main'))
    jobs:
      - deployment: DeployProductionJob
        displayName: 'Deploy to Production Environment'
        environment: 'production'
        pool:
          vmImage: $(vmImageName)
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - task: AzureWebApp@1
                  displayName: 'Deploy to Production App Service'
                  inputs:
                    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Production-Connection'
                    appType: 'webAppLinux'
                    appName: 'productapi-prod'
                    package: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop/api/*.zip'
                    runtimeStack: 'DOTNETCORE|7.0'
                    deploymentMethod: 'zipDeploy'
                    slotName: 'staging'

                - task: AzureAppServiceManage@0
                  displayName: 'Swap Deployment Slots'
                  inputs:
                    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Production-Connection'
                    action: 'Swap Slots'
                    webAppName: 'productapi-prod'
                    resourceGroupName: 'production-rg'
                    sourceSlot: 'staging'
                    targetSlot: 'production'

                - task: AzureCLI@2
                  displayName: 'Verify Production Deployment'
                  inputs:
                    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Production-Connection'
                    scriptType: 'bash'
                    scriptLocation: 'inlineScript'
                    inlineScript: |
                      max_retries=5
                      retry_count=0
                      while [ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]; do
                        response=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://productapi-prod.azurewebsites.net/health)
                        if [ $response -eq 200 ]; then
                          echo "Production deployment verified successfully"
                          exit 0
                        fi
                        retry_count=$((retry_count+1))
                        echo "Retry $retry_count/$max_retries failed, waiting 10 seconds..."
                        sleep 10
                      done
                      echo "Production verification failed after $max_retries attempts"
                      exit 1